首先，銑刀(dao)是(shi)多齒旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)刀(dao)，每個刀(dao)齒相(xiang)當(dang)于固定在銑刀(dao)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)面上的車刀(dao)。

使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鎢鋼銑(xian)刀(dao)進(jin)行(xing)銑(xian)削時，同(tong)時參與切削的刃(ren)口較長(chang)，且無空沖程(cheng)，因此生(sheng)產率較高。銑(xian)刀(dao)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，結構(gou)各異，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)非(fei)常(chang)廣泛。根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途可分(fen)為三類(lei):加(jia)工(gong)平面用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銑(xian)刀(dao)、加(jia)工(gong)槽(cao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銑(xian)刀(dao)、加(jia)工(gong)成形面用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銑(xian)刀(dao)。

通用(yong)(yong)規(gui)格的(de)銑刀(dao)已經標準化，一般由專(zhuan)業工(gong)具廠生產(chan)。介(jie)紹(shao)了幾種(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)銑刀(dao)。

一，立銑刀

立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)是(shi)數控機床上(shang)(shang)使用廣泛的銑(xian)刀(dao)之一。立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)的圓柱面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)都有(you)刀(dao)具。圓柱面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)的切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃為主(zhu)(zhu)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃，端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)分布(bu)有(you)輔助切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃。主(zhu)(zhu)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃一般為螺(luo)旋齒，可(ke)(ke)增加(jia)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)穩定性(xing)，提高(gao)加(jia)工精度。它們(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)同時切(qie)(qie)割，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)分開切(qie)(qie)割。但是(shi)，由于(yu)普通立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong)心沒有(you)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃，所以(yi)立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)在工作時不(bu)能軸(zhou)向進給。端邊主(zhu)(zhu)要用于(yu)加(jia)工與側面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)垂直的底面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。主(zhu)(zhu)要用于(yu)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)、槽銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)、階(jie)梯(ti)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)和輪(lun)廓銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)。

二、三面刃銑刀

三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)簡稱(cheng)三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao):三(san)(san)個刃口有(you)后角，刃口鋒利，切削(xue)(xue)輕便快捷。三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)直齒三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)和交錯齒三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)。本實用新型主要用于(yu)在臥式銑(xian)床上(shang)加工(gong)一端或兩端貫通的階(jie)梯面(mian)(mian)和淺槽。除了在圓(yuan)周上(shang)有(you)主切削(xue)(xue)刃外，三(san)(san)側刃銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)兩側還有(you)輔助切削(xue)(xue)刃，改善(shan)了切削(xue)(xue)條件，提高(gao)了切削(xue)(xue)效率，降低(di)了表面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度值。但(dan)再磨后寬(kuan)度變化較大(da)，三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)插(cha)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)可(ke)以解決這一問題(ti)。

第三種，面銑刀

與刀(dao)桿(gan)垂直的(de)端面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)的(de)端面(mian)(mian)和外圓(yuan)有(you)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃，主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于銑(xian)(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)。外圓(yuan)的(de)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃是主(zhu)(zhu)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃，端面(mian)(mian)的(de)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃起著與刮(gua)刀(dao)相同的(de)作用(yong)。端面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)的(de)刃比套筒端銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)的(de)刃短。面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于在立銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)或臥式銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)上加工(gong)(gong)階梯面(mian)(mian)和平(ping)面(mian)(mian)，特別適合加工(gong)(gong)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)。主(zhu)(zhu)偏角(jiao)為90°的(de)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)可銑(xian)(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)底(di)部較(jiao)寬的(de)階梯面(mian)(mian)。面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)是用(yong)來加工(gong)(gong)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)的(de)。同時，有(you)許多刀(dao)齒(chi)參(can)與切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)，還具有(you)子切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)刃的(de)拋(pao)光(guang)作用(yong)，使(shi)加工(gong)(gong)后的(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙度值小。因此，可以使(shi)用(yong)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)參(can)數，生產(chan)率高。它被廣泛使(shi)用(yong)。

第四種，螺紋銑刀

傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)主要包括(kuo)用(yong)(yong)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)車刀(dao)(dao)削螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)攻絲(si)(si)、用(yong)(yong)絲(si)(si)錐、模具(ju)(ju)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。隨(sui)著數(shu)控(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發展，特(te)別是三軸聯動數(shu)控(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)，可以(yi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)更先進的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)——螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)削。與(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)相比，螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)銑(xian)削在加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度和效率上有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，而(er)且不(bu)受螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)結構(gou)和螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)旋(xuan)轉方(fang)向的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制。例如，一個(ge)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉方(fang)向加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)多(duo)個(ge)內螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)和外螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。對(dui)于不(bu)允(yun)許有(you)過渡卡扣或(huo)下槽的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，用(yong)(yong)傳統(tong)車削方(fang)法(fa)或(huo)絲(si)(si)錐、模具(ju)(ju)難以(yi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而(er)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)削很容易實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)。

此(ci)外，螺(luo)紋銑(xian)刀的耐用性是絲(si)(si)錐的十倍(bei)以上甚至幾(ji)十倍(bei)。另(ling)外，在(zai)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)螺(luo)紋銑(xian)削(xue)過程中調(diao)整螺(luo)紋直徑非(fei)常方便，這是用絲(si)(si)錐和模具難以做到的。由于螺(luo)紋銑(xian)削(xue)技(ji)術具有許多優點(dian)，在(zai)發達(da)國(guo)家已廣泛應用于螺(luo)紋的批量生產。隨(sui)著數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床在(zai)中國(guo)的發展，逐漸被(bei)廣大中國(guo)客戶所接(jie)受和喜愛。借助數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工中心機(ji)(ji)床的三軸聯動功能和G02或G03螺(luo)旋插補命令，完成(cheng)螺(luo)紋銑(xian)削(xue)。

螺(luo)紋(wen)銑刀(dao)作為近年來發(fa)展迅(xun)速的(de)先進刀(dao)具，越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)被企業廣泛接受，并表現出優異的(de)加工性能(neng)。已成為企業降低螺(luo)紋(wen)加工成本、提效率、解決螺(luo)紋(wen)加工難(nan)題的(de)有力武(wu)器。