在機加工(gong)中最常用的幾種(zhong)銑刀你都(dou)知道(dao)嗎？

      首(shou)先(xian)呢，銑(xian)刀為多齒回(hui)轉刀具，其每一個刀齒都(dou)相(xiang)當于一把車(che)刀固定在銑(xian)刀的(de)回(hui)轉面上。

      鎢鋼銑刀(dao)銑削時同時參加切(qie)削的(de)切(qie)削刃較長，且(qie)無空行程，所以生產(chan)率較高。銑刀(dao)種類(lei)很多，其結構也不一，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍很廣(guang)，按其用(yong)(yong)(yong)途可分(fen)為加工(gong)(gong)平面(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銑刀(dao)、加工(gong)(gong)溝(gou)槽用(yong)(yong)(yong)銑刀(dao)、加工(gong)(gong)成形面(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銑刀(dao)等三大類(lei)。

      通(tong)用(yong)規格的銑(xian)刀已標準化，一般(ban)均(jun)由專(zhuan)業(ye)工具(ju)廠生產。現介紹幾(ji)種常(chang)用(yong)銑(xian)刀。

      第一(yi)種、立銑刀

      立(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)是(shi)數控(kong)機床上(shang)用得最多的(de)一種(zhong)銑(xian)刀(dao)，立(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)的(de)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)和端面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)都有切(qie)削刀(dao)，圓柱(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)切(qie)削刃(ren)(ren)是(shi)主切(qie)削刃(ren)(ren)，端面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)分布著副切(qie)削刃(ren)(ren)，主切(qie)削刃(ren)(ren)一般為螺旋(xuan)齒，這樣可(ke)以(yi)增加切(qie)削平(ping)(ping)穩(wen)性，提高加工(gong)(gong)精度。它們可(ke)同時(shi)進(jin)行切(qie)削，也可(ke)單獨進(jin)行切(qie)削。但是(shi)由(you)于(yu)普通立(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong)心(xin)處無切(qie)削刃(ren)(ren)，所(suo)以(yi)立(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)不(bu)能作(zuo)軸向進(jin)給，端面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)主要(yao)用來加工(gong)(gong)與側面(mian)(mian)(mian)相(xiang)垂直的(de)底平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。主要(yao)用于(yu)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)削、凹槽銑(xian)削、臺(tai)階(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)削和仿形銑(xian)削。

       第二種、三面(mian)刃(ren)銑刀

       三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)簡(jian)稱三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)：三(san)(san)(san)個(ge)刃(ren)口均有后(hou)角，刃(ren)口鋒利，切削(xue)(xue)輕快(kuai)。三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)，可(ke)分為直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)和錯齒(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)。它主要用在臥(wo)式銑(xian)床上加工臺(tai)階(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)和一端或二(er)端貫穿的淺溝槽(cao)。三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)除圓周具有主切削(xue)(xue)刃(ren)外，兩側面(mian)(mian)(mian)也有副(fu)切削(xue)(xue)刃(ren)，從而改善了切削(xue)(xue)條件，提(ti)高了切削(xue)(xue)效率，減小了表面(mian)(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)值。但重磨后(hou)寬度(du)尺寸變化較大，鑲齒(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)可(ke)解決(jue)這一個(ge)問(wen)題。

       第(di)三(san)種(zhong)、面銑刀

面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)與刀(dao)桿垂(chui)直的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和外圓都(dou)有(you)切削(xue)刃(ren)，主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)銑(xian)(xian)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。外圓的(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)刃(ren)是主(zhu)切削(xue)刃(ren)，端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)刃(ren)起(qi)著和刮刀(dao)一樣的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)與套式(shi)立銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)相比，其刃(ren)部較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)在立式(shi)銑(xian)(xian)床或臥式(shi)銑(xian)(xian)床上加工臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，特別適合(he)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)加工，主(zhu)偏角為90°的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)可銑(xian)(xian)底部較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)寬的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。用(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)加工平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，同(tong)時(shi)參加切削(xue)的(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)齒較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多，又有(you)副切削(xue)刃(ren)的(de)(de)(de)修光作用(yong)，使加工表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粗糙度值小，因此(ci)可以用(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)用(yong)量(liang)，生產率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，應用(yong)廣泛(fan)。

       第四種、螺紋銑刀

       傳統的(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法主要為采(cai)用螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)車(che)刀(dao)車(che)削(xue)(xue)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)采(cai)用絲(si)錐、板(ban)牙手工(gong)(gong)(gong)攻絲(si)及套扣(kou)。隨著數(shu)控(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術的(de)發展，尤其是(shi)三軸聯動數(shu)控(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)系統的(de)出(chu)現，使(shi)更(geng)先進(jin)的(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式——螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)數(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)得以(yi)實現。螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)與傳統螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式相比， 在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率方(fang)面具(ju)有極大優勢(shi)，且(qie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時不(bu)(bu)受螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)結(jie)構和螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)旋(xuan)向的(de)限制，如一把螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)銑(xian)刀(dao)可加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)多(duo)種不(bu)(bu)同(tong)旋(xuan)向的(de)內、外螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。對于不(bu)(bu)允許有過渡(du)扣(kou)或(huo)退(tui)刀(dao)槽結(jie)構的(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，采(cai)用傳統的(de)車(che)削(xue)(xue)方(fang)法或(huo)絲(si)錐、板(ban)牙很難加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，但采(cai)用數(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)卻十(shi)分容(rong)易實現。

       此(ci)外，螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)銑(xian)刀的(de)(de)(de)耐用度是絲(si)錐(zhui)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)多倍甚至數十(shi)倍，而(er)且在數控(kong)銑(xian)削螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)過程(cheng)中，對螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)直徑尺寸的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整極為方(fang)便，這是采(cai)用絲(si)錐(zhui)、板牙難(nan)以做(zuo)到的(de)(de)(de)。由于螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)銑(xian)削加工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)諸多優勢(shi)， 目(mu)前發(fa)達國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)大批(pi)量螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)生產已較廣泛(fan)地采(cai)用了銑(xian)削工(gong)藝。隨(sui)著中國(guo)數控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，也逐步得到中國(guo)廣大客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)接受(shou)和喜愛。螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)銑(xian)削借助數控(kong)加工(gong)中心(xin)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)軸聯(lian)動功能及G02或(huo)G03螺(luo)旋插補指(zhi)令(ling)，完成螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)銑(xian)削工(gong)作。

       螺紋銑刀(dao)，作為(wei)一種近年來快速(su)發展的先進(jin)刀(dao)具，正越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛(fan)地(di)被企業接受(shou)，并(bing)表現出(chu)卓越(yue)超凡(fan)的加(jia)工性能(neng)，成為(wei)企業降低螺紋加(jia)工成本(ben)，提高效率，解決螺紋加(jia)工難題(ti)的有力(li)武器。